Can Sewing Thread Be Used for Embroidery? (Hint: Yes, but…)

While sewing thread can be used for basic embroidery tasks, using specialized embroidery thread ensures optimal results due to its unique characteristics tailored for decorative stitching requirements.

Why Choosing the Right Thread Matters in Embroidery Projects?

• Thread Type: Using sewing thread for embroidery can result in poor stitch quality.
• Color Fastness: Some sewing threads may not be colorfast, leading to fading over time.
• Durability: Embroidery threads are specifically designed to withstand frequent washing and wear.
• Thickness: Ensure the thread thickness is suitable for your design; using the wrong thickness can affect the outcome.

1. Choose high-quality embroidery thread with a sheen that adds an extra dimension to your designs.
2. Opt for threads designed specifically for machine or hand embroidery based on your project requirements.
3. Consider the fabric you are working on when selecting a thread type as different fabrics may require different thread properties.

Remember, using the correct thread is essential for achieving professional-looking and long-lasting embroidered pieces!

The Best Types of Threads for Different Embroidery Techniques:

• Cotton Thread:
  • Ideal for beginners
  • Suitable for general embroidery work
• Rayon Thread:
  • Gives a shiny finish
  • Great for decorative stitching
• Polyester Thread:
  • Durable and colorfast
  • Works well with machine embroidery
• Silk Thread:
  • Luxurious look and feel
  • Perfect for delicate projects like silk shading

1. For Cross Stitch: Use stranded cotton threads such as DMC or Anchor brands.
2. For Blackwork: Opt for single-strand cotton or silk threads to create intricate patterns.
3. For Crewel Embroidery: Choose wool threads known for their rich colors and texture.
4. For Goldwork: Metallic threads like gold or silver passing thread are commonly used to add shimmer.

Tips for Selecting the Perfect Thread Color for Your Design:

• Consider the Fabric: Choose a thread color that contrasts well with your fabric to make your design pop.
• Use a Color Wheel: Consult a color wheel to find complementary or analogous colors for harmonious designs.
• Test on Scrap Fabric: Before starting your project, test different thread colors on scrap fabric to see how they look together.
• Lighting Matters: Consider where your finished embroidery will be displayed and choose thread colors accordingly based on lighting conditions.

1. Pick an overall theme or mood for your design before selecting thread colors.
2. If in doubt, go with neutral shades like white, black, or gray that complement most designs effortlessly.

Remember, the right thread color can enhance your embroidery project significantly by bringing out its unique features and adding depth to the design!

How to Properly Prepare Sewing Thread for Use in Embroidery?

• Select the Right Thread: Choose a high-quality sewing thread that is suitable for embroidery projects. Threads come in various materials such as cotton, polyester, rayon, and silk.
• Separate Strands: If using a multi-ply sewing thread, separate the strands according to your embroidery design requirements. Most embroidery work is done with one or two strands of thread.
• Thread Needle Correctly: Make sure to thread your needle properly with the separated strands. Using a needle threader can be helpful if working with fine threads.
• Use Suitable Needles: Select needles based on the weight of your sewing thread. Thicker threads require larger needles while finer threads need smaller ones for smooth stitching.
• Consider Thread Color: Match the color of your sewing thread to your embroidery design unless you intentionally want a different effect by using contrasting colors.

1. Conditioning Thread (Optional): You may consider conditioning your sewing thread by running it through beeswax or silicone-based thread conditioner to reduce tangling and improve stitch quality.
2. Testing Tension: Before starting your embroidery project, test the tension of the prepared sewing thread on a scrap fabric piece similar to what you will use for embroidering.
3. Cutting Lengths: Cut manageable lengths of prepared sewing threads depending on how much you will need for each section of your design. Longer lengths can lead to tangling and knots while shorter ones may slow down progress.
4. Securing Ends: Knot or backstitch securely at the beginning and end when using multiple strands so they don’t unravel during stitching.

Remember that proper preparation ensures smoother stitching and better results in your embroidery projects!

The Impact of Thread Weight on Embroidery Stitch Quality:

• Choosing the right thread weight is crucial for achieving high-quality embroidery.
• Thread weight refers to the thickness of the thread. The higher the number, the finer the thread.
• Using a heavier thread weight can result in more prominent and defined stitches.
• Lighter thread weights are ideal for delicate designs that require intricate details.

1. Experimenting with different thread weights allows you to understand how they impact stitch appearance.
2. Thicker threads may require adjustments in tension settings to prevent puckering or looping.
3. Lighter threads are excellent for creating subtle textures without adding bulk to your design.

Remember, selecting the appropriate thread weight is essential in achieving professional-looking embroidery results.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using Sewing Thread in Embroidery:

• Not Considering Thread Weight: Ensure the sewing thread you use for embroidery is of appropriate weight. Using a thread that is too thick can distort your design, while a thread that is too thin may not provide enough coverage.
• Ignoring Colorfastness: Check if the sewing thread is colorfast before using it in embroidery. Failure to do so could result in colors bleeding or fading after washing, ruining your embroidered piece.

1. Skipping Thread Conditioning: It’s crucial to condition your sewing thread before embroidering with it. Conditioning helps reduce tangles and knots, making the stitching process smoother.
2. Using Incorrect Needles: Selecting the right needle for embroidery with sewing thread is essential. Using a needle that is either too small or too large can cause breakage or damage to both the thread and fabric.

• Overlooking Bobbin Matching: Make sure the bobbin thread matches the top sewing thread used for embroidery. Mismatched threads can lead to inconsistent tension and affect the overall appearance of your design.

Remember these common mistakes when using sewing thread for embroidery to achieve professional-looking results every time!

Differences in Fiber Content: Polyester vs Cotton Threads!

• Polyester Threads
  1. Strong and durable.
  2. Resistant to fading from sunlight exposure.
  3. Less likely to shrink or stretch compared to cotton threads.
• Cotton Threads
  1. Natural fiber, environmentally friendly choice.
  2. Absorbent and suitable for embroidery on natural fabrics like cotton or linen.
  3. Can shrink when washed, affecting the overall appearance of the embroidered design.

When choosing between polyester and cotton threads for embroidery projects, consider factors such as durability, colorfastness, fabric compatibility, and desired final look of the design.

How to Store Your Sewing Threads to Maintain Their Quality?

• Keep threads away from direct sunlight
• Store in a cool, dry place
• Avoid storing near sources of heat or moisture
• Use thread organizers or containers to keep them tangle-free
• Consider using thread racks for easy access and visibility

Here are some additional tips on how to store specific types of threads:

1. For cotton threads:TypeStorage MethodCotton threadsKeep in airtight bags or boxes
2. For silk threads:
   • Silk threads should be stored away from light and air exposure.
3. For metallic threads:
   • Metallic threads are best kept in their original packaging to prevent oxidation.

Remember, proper storage is essential for maintaining the quality and longevity of your sewing threads!

Tackling Tension Issues When Using Sewing Threads in Embroidery Machines?

• Understanding Thread Weight Differences
  • Lighter weight threads may require tension adjustments.
  • Heavy threads might need looser settings.
• Adjusting Upper Thread Tension
  • Increase tension for loose stitches.
  • Decrease tension for tight, puckered stitches.
• Bobbin Case Tension Checks

1. Make incremental changes to avoid extreme tensions.
2. Test on a scrap fabric before embroidering your final piece.
3. Clean the machine regularly to prevent buildup affecting tensions.

Remember, mastering tension adjustments can enhance embroidery outcomes when using sewing threads!

Exploring Specialty Threads: Metallics, Variegated, and More!

• Metallic Threads:
  • Add a touch of shimmer to your embroidery projects.
  • Works best when used in small sections or as accents.
• Variegated Threads:
  • Provides a unique blend of colors in a single strand.
  • Creates depth and dimension in your embroidery designs.
• Silk Threads:
  • Known for their luxurious finish and vibrant colors.
  • Ideal for intricate details due to their smooth texture.
• Glow-in-the-Dark Threads:
  • Perfect for adding an element of surprise to your designs.
  • Charge them under light for glowing effects at night.

1. Neon Threads:
   • Stand out with these bright neon threads that add pop to any project.
   • Great for creating eye-catching patterns or highlighting specific areas.
2. Tips When Using Specialty Threads:
   • Always test on a scrap fabric before using on your main project.
   • Adjust tension settings on your machine if needed for different thread types.

Remember, incorporating specialty threads into your embroidery work can elevate the overall look and feel of your creations!

Incorporating Multiple Colors of Sewing Threads for Dimensional Effects:

• Using multiple colors of sewing threads in embroidery can add depth and dimension to your designs.
• By blending different thread colors, you can create shading effects that make your embroidery look more realistic.
• Experiment with combining light and dark shades to highlight specific areas or create contrast within your design.

Tips for Using Multiple Colors of Sewing Threads:

1. Color Theory: Understand the basics of color theory to effectively combine thread colors. Complementary colors can enhance each other when used together.
2. Gradient Effect: Create a gradient effect by transitioning from one color to another gradually. This technique is great for creating smooth transitions between different elements in your embroidery.
3. Layering: Layering different colored threads on top of each other can produce unique blended tones that give a sense of richness and texture to your embroidered piece.
4. Highlighting Details: Use lighter shades to highlight intricate details within your design, bringing attention to specific areas and adding visual interest.
5. Experimentation: Don’t be afraid to experiment with various combinations of thread colors until you achieve the desired dimensional effects in your embroidery projects.

By incorporating multiple colors of sewing threads strategically, you can elevate the overall appearance of your embroidery work and bring life to your creations through enhanced depth and realism.

The Role of Bobbins When Using Sewing Threads for Machine Embroidery?

• Compatibility: Ensure the bobbin thread matches the sewing thread to avoid tension issues.
• Quality: Opt for high-quality bobbins that can handle embroidery stitching.
• Adjustments: Adjust the tension settings based on the type and weight of both upper and bobbin threads.
• Consistency: Maintain consistent bobbin thread tension for even stitches.
• Pre-wound Bobbins: Consider using pre-wound bobbins for convenience and consistency in embroidery work.

In machine embroidery, bobbins play a crucial role in ensuring smooth stitching. By choosing appropriate bobbins, adjusting tensions accurately, and maintaining consistency, you can enhance the quality of your embroidered designs.

Experimenting with Different Stitch Lengths and Styles with Sewing Threads:

• When using sewing threads for embroidery, experimenting with different stitch lengths can yield varied results.
• Longer stitches tend to give a more pronounced look to the design, while shorter stitches offer finer details.
• By adjusting your machine settings or hand-stitching technique, you can create unique effects with sewing threads in embroidery.

Stitch Length Comparison Table:

1. Try using shorter stitch lengths when working on delicate patterns like flowers or lettering to achieve precision.
2. Experiment with medium-length stitches for designs that require both coverage and definition, such as borders or outlines.
3. Opt for longer stitches when aiming for a bolder look in your embroidery project, suitable for larger motifs or filling areas quickly.

Remember, the beauty of embroidery lies in its versatility don’t be afraid to play around with different stitch lengths and styles to discover what works best for your sewing thread projects.

A Guide to Needle Selection when Working with Various Types of Threads:

• When using sewing thread for embroidery, it’s crucial to choose the correct needle size based on the thread thickness.
• For standard sewing threads like all-purpose polyester or cotton threads, opt for a universal needle in sizes 70/10 – 90/14.
• Metallic threads require special needles such as metallic or topstitch needles to prevent breakage and shredding. These needles have larger eyes to accommodate the delicate nature of metallic threads.
• Embroidery floss typically works well with embroidery needles sized 75/11 – 90/14. The sharp point helps pierce through tightly woven fabrics without causing damage.

1. Always test your chosen needle and thread combination on a fabric scrap before starting your actual embroidery project.
2. Remember that thicker threads require larger needle sizes to prevent them from getting stuck or breaking during stitching.
3. Be mindful of the fabric you’re working with; finer fabrics need smaller, sharper needles while heavier fabrics may require bigger, stronger ones.

Choosing the right needle for your specific thread type is essential in achieving clean, precise embroidery stitches without damaging your materials.

Preventing Breakage: Tips for Handling Thin or Delicate Thread Materials!

• Use the Right Needle Size:
  • Ensure that you select a needle appropriate for the thread thickness to avoid unnecessary strain.
• Thread Tension Adjustment:
  • Adjust your machine’s tension settings according to the thread weight. This will prevent excessive pull on delicate threads.
• Slow Down Your Machine Speed:
  • Decreasing the sewing speed can help reduce stress on thin or delicate threads, minimizing the risk of breakage.
• Thread Quality Matters:
  • Invest in high-quality embroidery thread specifically designed for delicate materials to enhance durability and minimize breakage issues.
• Avoid Abrupt Movements:
  • Sudden starts or stops can put undue pressure on fragile threads. Gradually accelerate and decelerate your stitching process to maintain thread integrity.
• Check Bobbin Compatibility:
  • Ensure that your bobbin is suitable for use with fine threads. Using an incorrect bobbin size can lead to tension problems and breakages.

Fusing Creativity and Functionality with High-Quality Threading Choices:

• When it comes to embroidery, using the right thread is crucial for achieving excellent results.
• Sewing threads can be used for embroidery, but it’s essential to choose high-quality options for durability and visual appeal.
• Here are some key points to consider when selecting threading choices:

1. Opting for rayon threads can add a luxurious sheen to your embroidered designs, making them stand out.
2. On the other hand, polyester threads offer strength and color-fastness, ensuring longevity in your creations.

Choose wisely based on your project requirements and desired outcomes!

Washing and Caring Instructions for Finished Projects Made with Sewing Threads:

• Always check the care label on your finished project for specific instructions.
• Hand wash delicate items made with sewing threads in cold water using a mild detergent.
• If machine washing is necessary, use a gentle cycle and place the item in a mesh laundry bag to prevent tangling.
• Avoid using bleach or harsh chemicals that can damage both the fabric and the thread.
• After washing, reshape the item while damp and lay it flat to dry to maintain its shape.

Here is a table summarizing general washing guidelines:

1. To remove wrinkles, iron the project inside out on low heat. Avoid direct contact between the iron and sewing threads.

Remember that proper care will help preserve your embroidered projects for years to come!

Sustainability Considerations: Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Traditional Threads:

• Organic Cotton Thread:
  • Made from organic cotton, which is grown without harmful chemicals
  • Biodegradable and reduces environmental impact
• Recycled Polyester Thread:
  • Produced from recycled plastic bottles or other post-consumer materials
  • Helps reduce waste in landfills and energy consumption
• Hemp Thread:
  • Derived from the hemp plant, a sustainable crop that requires minimal water and no pesticides
  • Biodegradable and has a lower environmental impact compared to traditional threads

1. Opting for eco-friendly alternatives such as organic cotton thread can contribute to reducing chemical pollution in the environment.
2. Using recycled polyester thread helps lessen the demand for new raw materials, promoting a circular economy.
3. Choosing hemp thread supports sustainable agricultural practices while providing durable and environmentally friendly options for embroidery projects.

Remember, making conscious choices about the materials you use can positively impact both your creations and the planet!

Celebrating Cultural Diversity Through Global Textile Traditions & Practices With Sewing Thread:

• Cultural Significance of Embroidery:
  • Embroidery is a craft deeply rooted in cultural traditions worldwide.
  • Different cultures use unique stitching techniques and patterns to tell stories and preserve heritage.
• Sewing Thread Versatility:
  • While sewing thread may differ from traditional embroidery floss, it can still be utilized creatively.
  • The wide range of colors and materials available in sewing threads can add diversity to embroidery projects.
• Global Inspiration for Embroidery Designs:

1. Techniques Across Continents:
   • Cross-stitch in Scandinavia, Kantha stitching in India, and Sashiko embroidery in Japan showcase the varied approaches to needlework using sewing thread.
2. Textile Sustainability:
   • Embracing diverse textile practices encourages sustainability by promoting the reuse of materials across different regions.
3. Community Engagement:
   • Engaging with global textile traditions fosters cultural appreciation and understanding among communities around the world.
4. Innovative Adaptations:
   • Experimenting with different threads challenges conventional norms, leading to innovative adaptations within the realm of embroidery artistry.

Inspiring Stories From Artisans Who Mastered The Art Of Transformative Stitchwork!

• Story 1: Maria’s Journey to Embroidery Stardom
  • Maria, a humble seamstress from a small village, discovered her passion for embroidery at the age of 12.
  • Despite facing financial hardships, she honed her craft by practicing every day after finishing household chores.
  • Through dedication and perseverance, Maria now runs a successful online shop selling her intricate embroidered creations worldwide.
• Story 2: Javier’s Innovative Approach to Traditional Embroidery
  • Javier grew up in a family of embroiderers who specialized in traditional designs passed down through generations.
  • Wanting to make his mark in the industry, he combined modern techniques with classic patterns to create unique pieces that caught the eye of fashion designers.
• Story 3: Emma’s Empowering Embroidery Workshops
  • Emma, a retired teacher, found solace in embroidery after losing her husband.
  • She started offering free embroidery workshops for local women as a way to connect and heal together through art.
• Achievements Table:

1. Each artisan showcased here exemplifies how sewing thread can indeed be used creatively for extraordinary results in the world of embroidery.

Navigating Online Resources For Access To Diverse Range Of Specialized Sewing Threads!

• When looking for specialized sewing threads online, it’s essential to start with reputable websites that specialize in sewing supplies.
• Consider popular online marketplaces like Amazon, Etsy, and eBay which offer a wide range of options from different sellers.
• Explore dedicated sewing supply websites such as Joann Fabrics, Fabric.com, and Mood Fabrics for a curated selection of high-quality threads.
• Don’t forget to check out specialty thread manufacturers’ websites like Gutermann, Coats & Clark, and Madeira for their full product lines.
• Utilize social media platforms like Instagram and Pinterest to discover unique hand-dyed or artisanal threads from independent sellers.

1. Start by identifying the type of specialized thread you need based on your project requirements.
2. Read reviews from other users to ensure the quality matches your expectations before making a purchase decision.
3. Compare prices across different platforms to find the best deals on the specific type of thread you are looking for.

Remember that each online resource offers its own advantages, so explore multiple avenues to access the diverse range of specialized sewing threads available in today’s market!

Diving Deep Into Historical Evolution And Modern Applications Of Sewing Threads!

• Historical Evolution of Sewing Threads:
  • Ancient civilizations used natural fibers like cotton, silk, and wool for sewing threads.
  • Industrial Revolution brought advancements in thread production with the invention of synthetic fibers.
• Modern Applications of Sewing Threads:
  • Embroidery: Sewing threads are commonly used for intricate embroidery designs on various fabrics.
  • Quilting: Quilters rely on strong and durable sewing threads to hold their creations together.
  • Garment Construction: From stitching seams to hemming garments, sewing threads play a vital role in garment construction.
• Types of Sewing Threads Used Today:

1. The use of sewing threads has evolved over centuries from natural fibers to modern synthetic materials.
2. Different types of sewing threads cater to specific needs such as strength, durability, or decorative purposes.
3. Understanding the historical context helps appreciate the significance of sewing threads in today’s diverse applications.

Pricing Comparison: Are You Overspending On Fancy Labels For Ordinary Results?

• When it comes to pricing, many embroiderers wonder if using sewing thread could be a more cost-effective alternative to traditional embroidery threads.
• Let’s break down the numbers and see how they compare:

1. Cost Analysis:
   • To complete a standard embroidery project requiring 20 colors:
     • Sewing Thread Total Cost: 50 (20 colors x 2.50)
     • Embroidery Floss Total Cost: 80 (20 colors x 4.00)
2. Color Options:
   • While sewing threads offer fewer color options compared to embroidery floss, the versatility of blending colors can still achieve desired results.
3. Quality Consideration:
   • High-quality sewing threads can provide satisfactory results in terms of durability and appearance for most embroidery projects.
4. Savings Potential:
   • By opting for sewing thread over specialized embroidery floss, embroiderers can potentially save up to 40% on thread costs without compromising on quality.
5. Final Verdict:
   • Depending on the complexity and budget constraints of your project, using sewing thread for embroidery may offer a practical solution without overspending on fancy labels while still achieving excellent results.

Glossary Of Terms Every Aspiring Textile Artist Should Know About Sewing Thread Usage!

• Sewing Thread: A thin, flexible strand used for stitching fabric together.
• Embroidery Floss: Specifically designed thread for embroidery work that is typically thicker than regular sewing thread.
• Bobbin: Small spool that holds the bottom thread in a sewing machine.
• Topstitching: Visible stitching done on the outside of a garment or project for decorative purposes.
• Thread Weight: Refers to the thickness and strength of a particular type of thread.

Remember, using high-quality threads appropriate for your project ensures better results!

Busting Myths About Limits In Creativity Imposed By Conventional Wisdom On Sewing Thread Usage!

• Myth 1: Sewing thread is too thin for embroidery.
  • Contrary to popular belief, sewing thread can be a versatile option for embroidery work, especially when creating intricate designs or delicate patterns that require finer details.
• Myth 2: Sewing thread lacks color variety.
  • Many sewing threads nowadays come in a wide array of colors and shades, making them suitable for diverse embroidery projects without limitations on creativity.
• Myth 3: Sewing thread isn’t durable enough for embroidery.
  • With advancements in textile technology, modern sewing threads are designed to be strong and resilient, ensuring longevity in your embroidered creations.
• Myth 4: Using sewing thread will compromise the quality of your embroidery.
  • When chosen wisely based on the project requirements, sewing threads can deliver high-quality results comparable to traditional embroidery threads.

By debunking these myths surrounding the use of sewing thread in embroidery, crafters and hobbyists alike can explore new possibilities and push boundaries in their creative pursuits without being confined by outdated misconceptions.

Let your imagination soar as you experiment with different types of threads to discover unique textures and effects that add character to your embroideries!

Harness The Power Of Social Media Communities To Share And Learn New Ideas On Sewing Thread Craftsmanship!

• Join popular sewing groups on platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest to connect with fellow enthusiasts.
• Follow hashtags such as #SewingThreadArt or #EmbroideryCommunity to discover inspiring projects and techniques.
• Participate in online sewing challenges to push your skills and creativity further.
• Share your own work-in-progress photos or finished pieces to seek feedback and encouragement from the community.

1. Engage Actively: Interact with other members by commenting on their posts or asking questions about their techniques.
2. Seek Advice: Don’t hesitate to seek advice from experienced crafters when you encounter challenges in your embroidery projects.
3. Stay Updated: Keep yourself updated with the latest trends in sewing thread craftsmanship by following influential creators and brands.

Remember, social media communities are not just places to showcase your work; they are valuable resources for learning new skills, gaining insights, and building a supportive network of like-minded individuals who share your passion for embroidery!

Exploring Alternative Uses For Excess Or Scrap Sewing Threads Instead Of Discarding Them!

• Quilting: Use different colored sewing threads to add unique touches and intricate designs to your quilting projects.
• Decorative Stitching: Experiment with decorative stitches on your sewing machine using various thread colors for a creative finish.
• Jewelry Making: Wrap colorful threads around cords or wire to create vibrant and personalized jewelry pieces.
• Weaving: Incorporate scrap threads into weaving projects for added texture and visual interest.

Instead of throwing away those extra sewing threads, think outside the spool! Explore these alternative uses to breathe new life into your leftover scraps.

Conclusion: Can Sewing Thread Be Used for Embroidery?

Sewing thread can be used for embroidery, but it may not always yield the best results.

It is essential to consider factors such as thread weight, material composition, and colorfastness when deciding whether to use sewing thread for embroidery projects.

While it can work in a pinch or for certain applications, investing in quality embroidery thread will ultimately provide superior outcomes and ensure the longevity of your embroidered creations.

Experimenting with different threads and techniques is key to finding what works best for your unique projects and achieving professional-looking results.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q: Is sewing thread suitable for embroidery projects?

• A: Yes, sewing thread can be used for embroidery, but it’s important to consider the thread’s thickness and material.

Q: What are the differences between sewing and embroidery threads?

• A: Embroidery threads are typically thicker and have a sheen, enhancing the appearance of embroidery stitches.

Q: Can sewing thread create intricate embroidery designs?

• A: While sewing thread can be used, embroidery-specific threads are often preferred for intricate designs due to their thickness and texture.

Q: Are there limitations to using sewing thread for embroidery?

• A: Sewing thread may not provide the same coverage or visual impact as embroidery thread, particularly in complex designs.

Q: Can sewing thread be substituted for embroidery thread in a pinch?

• A: In emergency situations, sewing thread can serve as a substitute, but it may not yield optimal results compared to embroidery-specific threads.

Q: What factors should be considered when choosing thread for embroidery?

• A: Consider the desired look, stitch density, and fabric type when selecting thread for embroidery projects.

Q: Can sewing thread be used for both sewing and embroidery?

• A: Yes, sewing thread is versatile and can be used for both sewing garments and basic embroidery projects, but it may not be ideal for intricate designs.